Briefly describe the principles that should be followed when making PCB

When making PCB (printed circuit board), following some basic principles is the key to ensure the normal function of the circuit board, stable performance and controllable production cost. Here are a few main principles:

1. Design rules:

Reasonable layout: Ensure that the components are laid out reasonably, reduce the length of the signal line, and avoid crossing and interference.

Travel specifications: The width of the signal line should meet the current carrying requirements, the spacing of the signal lines should avoid interference, and consider the impedance matching of the traces.

Hierarchical design: Reasonably choose single-sided, double-sided or multi-layer boards to ensure the integrity and performance of the circuit.

2. Electrical design:

Signal integrity: Consider the integrity of signal transmission, avoid interference from high-frequency signals, and try to avoid long signal lines.

Ground wire processing: Use a large area of ​​ground plane or a good ground wire layout to reduce noise and improve stability.

Power management: Reasonably arrange power lines and decoupling capacitors to reduce the impact of power supply noise on the circuit.

3. Manufacturing process:

Clear marking: Clearly identify each component and trace to avoid errors in the production process.

Component spacing: Ensure that the spacing between components is sufficient for convenient welding and repair.

Aperture and spacing: The design of drilling and pads should meet the requirements of the production process to avoid affecting the strength and connection performance of the board.

4. Thermal management:

Heat dissipation design: Design a good heat dissipation solution for high-power components, such as using heat sinks or increasing the copper foil area.

Temperature control: Ensure that the design can withstand the expected operating temperature to avoid performance degradation or damage due to overheating.

5. Electromagnetic compatibility:

Shielding measures: Shield sensitive signals to reduce electromagnetic interference.

Ground and power separation: Separate signal ground and power ground during design to reduce mutual interference.

6. Manufacturability and maintainability:

Simple design: Try to simplify the design, reduce complex wiring and excessive layers, and reduce production difficulty and cost.

Easy maintenance: Consider the convenience of maintenance during design, such as leaving enough space and reasonable component layout.

Following these principles can help you design high-quality PCB circuit boards, thereby improving product performance and reliability.